Thursday, March 19, 2015
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
How to Clean Your Computer System
How to Clean Your Computer System
--> Following are main topic to clean your computer
* Delete cookies, cache
and internet history from web browsers. ...
* Clean up unnecessary
PC startup programs. ...
* Uninstall unused
software. ...
* Clean and free up your
PC's disk space. ...
* Clean your computer's
registry. ...
* Defragment the
computer.
Whether you're here to learn how to “clean up” a cluttered or infected
hard drive, or physically clean your computer's parts, read on for an easy,
step-by-step guide. Basically this article will tell you how to clean software
as well as hardware component of your system. It is a known fact that regular
maintenance of your system can significantly boost your computer's speed and
life. Cleaning system files is a software job for reputable system, utilities
software that you can acquire on line by downloads.
If vents are not kept clean and get clogged with dust and fibers, the
CPU can overheat and cause crashes, malfunctions and damage. To clean it out,
you'll need to open your computer's case. For cabinet, hardware cleaning you
need physical efforts, not software.
Method 1 of 2: Hard Drive, Software Cleaning
1.
Keep your computer up to date. Mac OS and Windows both release regular
security and stability updates for your operating system. What's more, they've
set up your computer's existing OS so that it knows what updates it needs and
how to get them, saving you the trouble of keeping up, in most cases. The
programs that handle these updates have self-evident names (Windows Update and
Software Update), and are set to run automatically by default. If you've
disabled updates, or you aren't sure whether your computer is being updated,
follow the steps given below to check:
•
For Windows users, go to the Start Menu and search for “Windows Update.” The
appropriate control panel should appear in the search results. Click it to read
the status of your updates and explore automatic update settings in the sidebar
or tabs. You can click on the words “Important Updates” and “Optional Updates”
to select or deselect updates before downloading them. You can set your
computer to download and install updates itself or you can perform this job
manually.
• Mac users
should open the System Preferences menu from the Apple menu, and then choose
Software Update from the View menu. All available updates will appear in a
list. You can select which updates you want to install before continuing.
• Updates
obtained through these channels are always official and can be trusted.
Therefore, it's generally recommended that you leave automatic updating on,
unless you have a good reason for doing otherwise. This option should be
available through the menu you already pulled up.
2.
Clear Internet data. As you browse the Internet, your
computer collects bits and pieces of information that can eventually build up
to the point that they cause performance issues, especially on older and slower
machines. The most basic way to do this is by using the tools that come with
your Internet browser of choice. Microsoft Internet Explorer users on Windows
can clear all temporary data by visiting the Internet Options control panel
item and clicking the Delete button on the General tab under the Browsing
History subheading.
•
If you're using IE on a non-Windows computer, simply open the Tools menu,
choose Options, and select the data you want to clear.
• To erase
temporary files, cookies, and cache data from Firefox, open the Firefox menu
and open the Options window (this may require selecting Options from the drop
down menu and then selecting Options again from the menu that appears). Once
there click the tab or button that says Advanced, and then choose the Network
tab underneath that. Find the box that has Offline Web Content in its header,
and click the Clear button to clear your data.
• To clear
data from Chrome, simply hold down Control and Shift, and type Delete (as
opposed to the Backspace button). A new tab will open up with a simple menu.
Select the data you want to erase, set the time frame using the box in the
upper right, and click Clear Browsing Data when you're satisfied.
• To reach
this menu the old-fashioned way, click the button with three horizontal lines
on it in the upper right corner of the browser, and choose Settings from the
menu that appears. Scroll partway down the screen to find the Privacy heading,
then click the “Clear browsing data” button right underneath it.
• To clear
Safari's browsing cache, go to the Edit menu and select Empty Cache. Confirm
your decision when asked.
• If you
have not sufficient time to perform these tasks you can use some browser
cleanup tool.
3.
Check for adware and malware. Adware and malware are types of programs
that can compromise your computer's performance and create security weaknesses.
There are specialized free programs designed to find and erase adware and
spyware. Install and run the program (it's pretty straightforward) to find and
delete offending files.
•
Mac users don't have many comprehensive options. The best-regarded overall is
MacScan, which is powerful but costs money to use for more than 30 days.
Fortunately, the cost for a home license is fairly low at just $39.99. Download
the free trial first to be sure it'll work for you.
• The best
way to avoid adware and malware is to never download anything you're not sure
of, and never agree to install anything extra that comes packaged with software
you choose to install.
4.
Check for viruses and other immediate threats. The best way to defend your
computer against truly malicious threats is with a powerful antivirus program.
Both Mac and Windows users have access to good free options that work at least
as well as paid brands. Install them and allow them to run in the background at
all times. When you first install them, or if you suspect a virus may have been
missed, you can run them manually as well.
•
Since new viruses are always being designed and released, it's very important
that you allow your antivirus program to update as often as it needs to.
Normally, this should take place in the background, without you having to do
anything.
5.
Run maintenance on your hard drive. Most computers made within the last
several years take care of these tasks automatically, but you're always free to
take care of them yourself if you want. The key tools are (1) disk
defragmentation, which organizes the jumbled bits of data on your drive so that
they can be found more quickly, and (2) disk cleanup, which deletes duplicate
files and unused temporary ones to free up space.
•
Since the location of these tools varies from version to version of Windows,
it's best to use a Start Menu search to find them quickly. Simply open and run
them from the search results to speed up your computer, if the tasks haven't
already been scheduled to run automatically.
• Mac and
Linux users don't typically need to defragment their hard disks, as the process
is ongoing and automatic in the background. Mac users can clean up their hard
disks with the Disk utility, located in the Utilities folder (normally inside
the Applications folder on OS X systems).
6.
Remove unwanted programs. If you have extra programs, you remove them
easily on Windows by using the Programs and Features (newer) or Add/Remove
Programs (older) control panel. Highlight a program to see available options,
and click to completely uninstall it. This is preferable to simply deleting the
application yourself, as it removes files the program may have installed
elsewhere as well.
•
Mac users can generally get away with just dragging unwanted programs into the
Trash, but the process to fully remove things like Preference files and other
scattered pieces is considerably more complicated – too complicated to cover in
this guide.
7.
Keep your system backed up. Once you've cleaned up your computer, it's
time to preserve it in time so you can go back to a clean version if anything
catastrophic happens in the future. This works quite differently depending on
whether you're using a Mac or Windows, but the process is simple in either case.
• Windows
users should do a Start Menu search for “system restore,” and choose to create
a restore point, which the computer can be rolled back to in the event of a
disaster.
• Mac users
should set up Time Machine, a system preservation program, to run in the
background. Time Machine allows you to roll back specific recent changes to
rectify compatibility and other problems.
• In either
case, backing up to an external hard drive is recommended. Both methods require
a lot of free space, and the external hard drive may be spared if the main hard
drive has a mechanical malfunction.
Method 2 of 2: Physical Cleaning
1.
Gather supplies. To safely and efficiently clean your computer, you'll
need a few inexpensive items. Buy a can of compressed air, for blowing
particles out of sensitive areas, at any computer store. Purchase cotton swabs
(such as Q-Tips) and rubbing alcohol from a supermarket or pharmacy. Buy small
or medium-sized Phillips-tip and flat-tip screwdrivers from a hardware store.
Have paper towels, lint-free rags, and water on hand.
•
If you're cleaning a netbook, notebook, or laptop, opt for small screwdrivers.
Desktop computers are likely to need medium-small screwdrivers instead. There's
no need to buy special “computer screwdrivers or service kit,” in most cases.
2.
Turn off your computer. For desktop computers, this means shutting down
the computer, turning off the surge protector or power strip, and unplugging
the cord from the back of the tower (computer box). If you own a laptop
instead, shut it down completely, unplug any power cords from it, turn it
upside down, and remove the battery pack.
•
To prevent scuffing on a glossy finish, you can set your laptop upside-down on
paper towels before you remove the battery pack.
3.
Vacuum the eternal vents, and then open your computer. Over time, the
fan and air vent and CPU heat-sink area that helps regulate your computer's temperature
can get clogged with dust, dust bunnies and fibers, causing the CPU to overheat
and hardware to malfunction. Hopefully, you don't wait to long between
cleanings. To clean dust out, you'll need to open your computer's case.
•
To open a desktop computer, look for fasteners along the back or sides of the
tower. These may be simple screws, or any of a number of other mechanisms. Some
computers even have a sliding side panel for easy access. If you can't figure
out what fastener your computer uses, consult the manual or check online.
• You can't
open a laptop computer completely without extra tools, but you won't need to.
To get to the vent, look for a panel with screws in it on the bottom of the
laptop. Unscrew the panel and the vent should come with it. Be very careful to
note the length and position of each screw, as they tend to vary between one
another.
4.
Clean the vents. Start with cotton swabs or a pair of tweezers, and
remove all of the larger dust bunnies and other debris you see. Follow through
by spraying compressed air to chase the rest of the dust out of the vent
system. Spray it everywhere else you can reach, too, taking care to keep the
nozzle a few inches away from the components and I/O ports (plug holes for
various cords). Don't forget to pop open your optical drives and briefly spray
them out.
•
Obviously, the goal is to remove crumbs and dust, not push them farther into
your computer. Be mindful of this as you aim your compressed air.
•
Compressed air can hurt/ruin sensitive components, if overused. Always spray
from a little distance and in short bursts rather than a sustained stream.
• It may be
acceptable to gently tilt your laptop to encourage difficult particles to roll
closer to where you can flush them out, but don't ever shake or slap it. You
could loosen delicate parts.
5.
Clean the CPU area and around hard drives and such in a desktop
computer (which may have a separate fan and a snap on or lift off plastic air
channel and cover over the CPU and heat-sink), but be careful not to touch any
electronic soldered or bare wire, and such parts with your fingers. Do be sure
to touch plastic and the metal frameworks repeatedly in and around the cabinet
to equalize static electricity between your hands and those safe areas to touch.
6.
Close and clean the case. Put every part you opened or removed back in
its proper place and close up your computer again. Once that's done, take a
duster, a dry microfiber cloth, or some dry paper towels and brush obvious dust
and dirt off of all sides of the computer case. Follow through by dipping one
tip of a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol and running it along every seam and
edge of your machine. As you finish a line, turn the swab over and dry it with
the dry end.
•
Change swabs as often as you need to until the job is done. Don't skip!
7.
Clean the keyboard. Start by turning your keyboard upside down over
some newspaper or paper towels and shaking out all the crumbs you can. If
you're cleaning a laptop, shake very gently to avoid damaging it. Once you've
gotten all the crumbs you can, aim compressed air into the cracks and crevices
to flush out more, and then shake them out again. Finally, use a small amount
of rubbing alcohol on a cotton swab to clean the tops of the keys.
•
Don't use a vacuum cleaner on your keyboard, especially if you're using a
laptop. The vacuum can create a static charge that could damage components
underneath. You can also suction keys right off and into the vacuum dust
container.
• Touchpads
and trackballs can be cleaned the same way as keys, with a cotton swab and a
bit of rubbing alcohol. As always, discard each swab when it gets dirty and
switch to a new one.
8.
Clean the monitor. For LCD displays like those found on most laptops,
use plain water on a soft, lint-free cloth such as microfiber. Apply the water
to the cloth, and then gently wipe the cloth across the screen until it's
clean. For bulky CRT monitors (the kind often seen in computer labs), use a
household glass cleaner instead. Again, be sure to spray the cloth rather than
the monitor itself.
•
Some popular glass cleaners, such as Windex, contain ammonia. Ammonia may
damage coatings on your CRT monitor, so use something ammonia-free instead
unless you're sure it's okay.
9.
Finish up. Allow every part to dry completely, then reassemble your
setup and plug your computer back in. Don't forget to reattach any peripherals,
such as a monitor, you might have removed while cleaning. When you're ready,
start the computer up as normal. Repeat this cleaning regimen every few months
or as needed.
--> Following are main topic to clean your computer
1.
•
For Windows users, go to the Start Menu and search for “Windows Update.” The
appropriate control panel should appear in the search results. Click it to read
the status of your updates and explore automatic update settings in the sidebar
or tabs. You can click on the words “Important Updates” and “Optional Updates”
to select or deselect updates before downloading them. You can set your
computer to download and install updates itself or you can perform this job
manually.
Clear Internet data. As you browse the Internet, your
computer collects bits and pieces of information that can eventually build up
to the point that they cause performance issues, especially on older and slower
machines. The most basic way to do this is by using the tools that come with
your Internet browser of choice. Microsoft Internet Explorer users on Windows
can clear all temporary data by visiting the Internet Options control panel
item and clicking the Delete button on the General tab under the Browsing
History subheading.
•
If you're using IE on a non-Windows computer, simply open the Tools menu,
choose Options, and select the data you want to clear.
•
Mac users don't have many comprehensive options. The best-regarded overall is
MacScan, which is powerful but costs money to use for more than 30 days.
Fortunately, the cost for a home license is fairly low at just $39.99. Download
the free trial first to be sure it'll work for you.
•
Since new viruses are always being designed and released, it's very important
that you allow your antivirus program to update as often as it needs to.
Normally, this should take place in the background, without you having to do
anything.
•
Since the location of these tools varies from version to version of Windows,
it's best to use a Start Menu search to find them quickly. Simply open and run
them from the search results to speed up your computer, if the tasks haven't
already been scheduled to run automatically.
•
Mac users can generally get away with just dragging unwanted programs into the
Trash, but the process to fully remove things like Preference files and other
scattered pieces is considerably more complicated – too complicated to cover in
this guide.
•
If you're cleaning a netbook, notebook, or laptop, opt for small screwdrivers.
Desktop computers are likely to need medium-small screwdrivers instead. There's
no need to buy special “computer screwdrivers or service kit,” in most cases.
•
To prevent scuffing on a glossy finish, you can set your laptop upside-down on
paper towels before you remove the battery pack.
•
To open a desktop computer, look for fasteners along the back or sides of the
tower. These may be simple screws, or any of a number of other mechanisms. Some
computers even have a sliding side panel for easy access. If you can't figure
out what fastener your computer uses, consult the manual or check online.
•
Obviously, the goal is to remove crumbs and dust, not push them farther into
your computer. Be mindful of this as you aim your compressed air.
•
Change swabs as often as you need to until the job is done. Don't skip!
•
Don't use a vacuum cleaner on your keyboard, especially if you're using a
laptop. The vacuum can create a static charge that could damage components
underneath. You can also suction keys right off and into the vacuum dust
container.
•
Some popular glass cleaners, such as Windex, contain ammonia. Ammonia may
damage coatings on your CRT monitor, so use something ammonia-free instead
unless you're sure it's okay.
* Delete cookies, cache
and internet history from web browsers. ...
* Clean up unnecessary
PC startup programs. ...
* Uninstall unused
software. ...
* Clean and free up your
PC's disk space. ...
* Clean your computer's
registry. ...
* Defragment the
computer.
Whether you're here to learn how to “clean up” a cluttered or infected
hard drive, or physically clean your computer's parts, read on for an easy,
step-by-step guide. Basically this article will tell you how to clean software
as well as hardware component of your system. It is a known fact that regular
maintenance of your system can significantly boost your computer's speed and
life. Cleaning system files is a software job for reputable system, utilities
software that you can acquire on line by downloads.
If vents are not kept clean and get clogged with dust and fibers, the
CPU can overheat and cause crashes, malfunctions and damage. To clean it out,
you'll need to open your computer's case. For cabinet, hardware cleaning you
need physical efforts, not software.
Method 1 of 2: Hard Drive, Software Cleaning
Keep your computer up to date. Mac OS and Windows both release regular
security and stability updates for your operating system. What's more, they've
set up your computer's existing OS so that it knows what updates it needs and
how to get them, saving you the trouble of keeping up, in most cases. The
programs that handle these updates have self-evident names (Windows Update and
Software Update), and are set to run automatically by default. If you've
disabled updates, or you aren't sure whether your computer is being updated,
follow the steps given below to check:
• Mac users
should open the System Preferences menu from the Apple menu, and then choose
Software Update from the View menu. All available updates will appear in a
list. You can select which updates you want to install before continuing.
• Updates
obtained through these channels are always official and can be trusted.
Therefore, it's generally recommended that you leave automatic updating on,
unless you have a good reason for doing otherwise. This option should be
available through the menu you already pulled up.
2.
• To erase
temporary files, cookies, and cache data from Firefox, open the Firefox menu
and open the Options window (this may require selecting Options from the drop
down menu and then selecting Options again from the menu that appears). Once
there click the tab or button that says Advanced, and then choose the Network
tab underneath that. Find the box that has Offline Web Content in its header,
and click the Clear button to clear your data.
• To clear
data from Chrome, simply hold down Control and Shift, and type Delete (as
opposed to the Backspace button). A new tab will open up with a simple menu.
Select the data you want to erase, set the time frame using the box in the
upper right, and click Clear Browsing Data when you're satisfied.
• To reach
this menu the old-fashioned way, click the button with three horizontal lines
on it in the upper right corner of the browser, and choose Settings from the
menu that appears. Scroll partway down the screen to find the Privacy heading,
then click the “Clear browsing data” button right underneath it.
• To clear
Safari's browsing cache, go to the Edit menu and select Empty Cache. Confirm
your decision when asked.
• If you
have not sufficient time to perform these tasks you can use some browser
cleanup tool.
3.
Check for adware and malware. Adware and malware are types of programs
that can compromise your computer's performance and create security weaknesses.
There are specialized free programs designed to find and erase adware and
spyware. Install and run the program (it's pretty straightforward) to find and
delete offending files.
• The best
way to avoid adware and malware is to never download anything you're not sure
of, and never agree to install anything extra that comes packaged with software
you choose to install.
4.
Check for viruses and other immediate threats. The best way to defend your
computer against truly malicious threats is with a powerful antivirus program.
Both Mac and Windows users have access to good free options that work at least
as well as paid brands. Install them and allow them to run in the background at
all times. When you first install them, or if you suspect a virus may have been
missed, you can run them manually as well.
5.
Run maintenance on your hard drive. Most computers made within the last
several years take care of these tasks automatically, but you're always free to
take care of them yourself if you want. The key tools are (1) disk
defragmentation, which organizes the jumbled bits of data on your drive so that
they can be found more quickly, and (2) disk cleanup, which deletes duplicate
files and unused temporary ones to free up space.
• Mac and
Linux users don't typically need to defragment their hard disks, as the process
is ongoing and automatic in the background. Mac users can clean up their hard
disks with the Disk utility, located in the Utilities folder (normally inside
the Applications folder on OS X systems).
6.
Remove unwanted programs. If you have extra programs, you remove them
easily on Windows by using the Programs and Features (newer) or Add/Remove
Programs (older) control panel. Highlight a program to see available options,
and click to completely uninstall it. This is preferable to simply deleting the
application yourself, as it removes files the program may have installed
elsewhere as well.
7.
Keep your system backed up. Once you've cleaned up your computer, it's
time to preserve it in time so you can go back to a clean version if anything
catastrophic happens in the future. This works quite differently depending on
whether you're using a Mac or Windows, but the process is simple in either case.
• Windows
users should do a Start Menu search for “system restore,” and choose to create
a restore point, which the computer can be rolled back to in the event of a
disaster.
• Mac users
should set up Time Machine, a system preservation program, to run in the
background. Time Machine allows you to roll back specific recent changes to
rectify compatibility and other problems.
• In either
case, backing up to an external hard drive is recommended. Both methods require
a lot of free space, and the external hard drive may be spared if the main hard
drive has a mechanical malfunction.
Method 2 of 2: Physical Cleaning
1.
Gather supplies. To safely and efficiently clean your computer, you'll
need a few inexpensive items. Buy a can of compressed air, for blowing
particles out of sensitive areas, at any computer store. Purchase cotton swabs
(such as Q-Tips) and rubbing alcohol from a supermarket or pharmacy. Buy small
or medium-sized Phillips-tip and flat-tip screwdrivers from a hardware store.
Have paper towels, lint-free rags, and water on hand.
2.
Turn off your computer. For desktop computers, this means shutting down
the computer, turning off the surge protector or power strip, and unplugging
the cord from the back of the tower (computer box). If you own a laptop
instead, shut it down completely, unplug any power cords from it, turn it
upside down, and remove the battery pack.
3.
Vacuum the eternal vents, and then open your computer. Over time, the
fan and air vent and CPU heat-sink area that helps regulate your computer's temperature
can get clogged with dust, dust bunnies and fibers, causing the CPU to overheat
and hardware to malfunction. Hopefully, you don't wait to long between
cleanings. To clean dust out, you'll need to open your computer's case.
• You can't
open a laptop computer completely without extra tools, but you won't need to.
To get to the vent, look for a panel with screws in it on the bottom of the
laptop. Unscrew the panel and the vent should come with it. Be very careful to
note the length and position of each screw, as they tend to vary between one
another.
4.
Clean the vents. Start with cotton swabs or a pair of tweezers, and
remove all of the larger dust bunnies and other debris you see. Follow through
by spraying compressed air to chase the rest of the dust out of the vent
system. Spray it everywhere else you can reach, too, taking care to keep the
nozzle a few inches away from the components and I/O ports (plug holes for
various cords). Don't forget to pop open your optical drives and briefly spray
them out.
•
Compressed air can hurt/ruin sensitive components, if overused. Always spray
from a little distance and in short bursts rather than a sustained stream.
• It may be
acceptable to gently tilt your laptop to encourage difficult particles to roll
closer to where you can flush them out, but don't ever shake or slap it. You
could loosen delicate parts.
5.
Clean the CPU area and around hard drives and such in a desktop
computer (which may have a separate fan and a snap on or lift off plastic air
channel and cover over the CPU and heat-sink), but be careful not to touch any
electronic soldered or bare wire, and such parts with your fingers. Do be sure
to touch plastic and the metal frameworks repeatedly in and around the cabinet
to equalize static electricity between your hands and those safe areas to touch.
6.
Close and clean the case. Put every part you opened or removed back in
its proper place and close up your computer again. Once that's done, take a
duster, a dry microfiber cloth, or some dry paper towels and brush obvious dust
and dirt off of all sides of the computer case. Follow through by dipping one
tip of a cotton swab in rubbing alcohol and running it along every seam and
edge of your machine. As you finish a line, turn the swab over and dry it with
the dry end.
7.
Clean the keyboard. Start by turning your keyboard upside down over
some newspaper or paper towels and shaking out all the crumbs you can. If
you're cleaning a laptop, shake very gently to avoid damaging it. Once you've
gotten all the crumbs you can, aim compressed air into the cracks and crevices
to flush out more, and then shake them out again. Finally, use a small amount
of rubbing alcohol on a cotton swab to clean the tops of the keys.
• Touchpads
and trackballs can be cleaned the same way as keys, with a cotton swab and a
bit of rubbing alcohol. As always, discard each swab when it gets dirty and
switch to a new one.
8.
Clean the monitor. For LCD displays like those found on most laptops,
use plain water on a soft, lint-free cloth such as microfiber. Apply the water
to the cloth, and then gently wipe the cloth across the screen until it's
clean. For bulky CRT monitors (the kind often seen in computer labs), use a
household glass cleaner instead. Again, be sure to spray the cloth rather than
the monitor itself.
9.
Finish up. Allow every part to dry completely, then reassemble your
setup and plug your computer back in. Don't forget to reattach any peripherals,
such as a monitor, you might have removed while cleaning. When you're ready,
start the computer up as normal. Repeat this cleaning regimen every few months
or as needed.
How to Clean out Your Gmail Inbox
Have you opened your Gmail inbox, only to discover that you have gradually accumulated hundreds or even thousands of emails? Did it seem like a difficult choice: delete all your old messages and lose the record of all your important emails, or archive them all and keep a bunch of junk you never read for good reason? Luckily, Gmail has some simple but powerful tools to help you search and manage huge numbers of emails.
Method 1 of 5: Clean All Read Mail
Method 1 of 5: Clean All Read Mail
2
Next, click in the Gmail search box. Type in:inbox is:read (without quotes) Then, click the blue Search Mail button. You will now see a few of the most recent emails you have actually read.
3
Find the checkbox button for selecting messages at the top left of the results. Click it. A drop down box will appear that has the options, "Select: All, None, Read, Unread, Starred, Un-starred". Click on "All" to select all the emails that match your search. All the emails on the page will be checked and highlighted.
4
Click the link at the top of the list that says, "Select all conversations that match this search." This will make sure you have selected even the messages that don't fit on the first page of results.
5
Click the "Archive" button at the top of the email area. Now all of your read emails have been saved to your archive, where they can be searched but where they won't clutter up your inbox.
Please refer this link for more information :
http://www.wikihow.com/Clean-out-Your-Gmail-Inbox
Sunday, March 1, 2015
Monday, February 23, 2015
What is a VPN ? Virtual private network
Virtual private network
By Vangie Beal
VPN is pronounced as separate letters and is short for virtualprivate network.
VPN is a network that is constructed by using public wires — usually the Internet — to connect to a private network, such as a company's internal network. There are a number of systems that enable you to create networks using the Internet as the medium for transporting data. These systems use encryption and other securitymechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access the network and that the data cannot be intercepted.
VPN Security
A VPN is designed to provides a secure, encrypted tunnel in which to transmit the data between the remote user and the company network. The information transmitted between the two locations via the encrypted tunnel cannot be read by anyone else because the system contains several elements to secure both the company's private network and the outside network through which the remote user connects through.
The first step to security is usually a firewall between the client and the host server, requiring the remote user to establish an authenticated connection with the firewall. Encryption is also an important component of a secure VPN. Encryption works by having all data sent from one computer encrypted in such a way that only the computer it is sending to can decrypt the data.
Recommended Reading: Learn more about VPN security in this Webopedia article, What Makes a Virtual Private Network Private?
Consumer VPN Services
Consumers use a private VPN service, also known as a VPN tunnel, to protect their online activity and identity. By using an anonymous VPN service, a user's Internet traffic and data remain encrypted, which prevents eavesdroppers from sniffing Internet activity. A VPN service is especially useful when accessing public Wi-Fihotspots because the public wireless services might not be secure. In addition to public Wi-Fi security, a private VPN service also provides consumers with uncensored Internet access and can help prevent data theft and unblock websites.
Corporate VPN Communications
Companies and organizations will use a VPN to communicate confidentially over a public network and to send voice, video or data. It is also an excellent option for remote workers and organizations with global offices and partners to share data in a private manner.
One of the most common types of VPNs used by businesses is called a virtual private dial-up network (VPDN). A VPDN is a user-to-LAN connection, where remote users need to connect to the company LAN. Another type of VPN is commonly called a site-to-site VPN. Here the company would invest in dedicated hardware to connect multiple sites to their LAN though a public network, usually the Internet.
What is Computer Bus? – An Introduction
What is Computer Bus? – An Introduction
Bus is a set of electrical hardware lines that is used to transfer/receive data from the central processing unit. Bus is a way to connect computer components (e.g. Microprocessor, Disk drive, Memory, Input / Output ports, etc.) to Computer system for keeping in connection to transfer and receive data from computer.
✔ Bus (by wire or hardware lines) is the common way to transfer/receive data in the form of codes and only the fastest way for communication information between computer and its components. Any part of computer is connected with buses. Usually a bus consists of many parallel wires. Each wire sends one bit of data at a time, thus a bus can transfer/receive many bits. For example, a 16-bit of bus consists of 16 parallel wires and transfers 16 bits ( 2 bytes) of data from one computer component to another.
✔ In old computer, very few buses had used. Nowadays, modern computer contains many buses transfer many types of data, and some buses are used to transfer specific type of data, e.g. Image, Audio, Video, etc.
✔ Bus (Address bus, Data bus, Expansion bus) usually transfers different types of data within a computer. For example, these buses of parallel wires (that is printed on PCB) somewhere in the form of data take information or where data exists took addresses of data, or moving a control signal.
✔ Remember that whenever we speak bus then our gesture to number electrical wires in a PC component. In computer, Buses are present in many forms (wires on print circuit, straight cables, normal wires). However, these are always in parallel.
✔ Data bus:
It is an aggregate of parallel conductors (can pass current and printed circuit on electrical board) that is on a motherboard. These buses are used to send/receive information from connected devices to CPU. These buses are known as External bus/Data bus. Data buses are the basic way to transfer/receive data anywhere in computer. All components that contain data / other components are connected to data buses. Thus, any information (codes) which is in a bus that is available to any devices connected to computer.
It is an aggregate of parallel conductors (can pass current and printed circuit on electrical board) that is on a motherboard. These buses are used to send/receive information from connected devices to CPU. These buses are known as External bus/Data bus. Data buses are the basic way to transfer/receive data anywhere in computer. All components that contain data / other components are connected to data buses. Thus, any information (codes) which is in a bus that is available to any devices connected to computer.
✔Expansion bus:
These buses provide a way to connect a device to the motherboard. Expansion buses are kept flowing data with the computer device. These buses also provide a way to connect Add-on devices to motherboard.
System bus: these buses provide a way to connect Microprocessor, RAM chip, and other components to the motherboard. On these buses, motherboard’s primary components are fixed.
These buses provide a way to connect a device to the motherboard. Expansion buses are kept flowing data with the computer device. These buses also provide a way to connect Add-on devices to motherboard.
System bus: these buses provide a way to connect Microprocessor, RAM chip, and other components to the motherboard. On these buses, motherboard’s primary components are fixed.
✔ Address bus:
These are parallel conductors (on the electrical circuit) on the motherboard, used to find the place of where computer memory is stored. That tells us what information /codes are sending/receive from data buses.
These are parallel conductors (on the electrical circuit) on the motherboard, used to find the place of where computer memory is stored. That tells us what information /codes are sending/receive from data buses.
Mother Board
A motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computer's basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. The most common motherboard design in desktop computers today is the AT, based on the IBM AT motherboard. A more recent motherboard specification, ATX, improves on the AT design. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are:
- The microprocessor
- (Optionally) coprocessors
- Memory
- basic input/output system (BIOS)
- Expansion slot
- Interconnecting circuitry
Additional components can be added to a motherboard through its expansion slot. The electronic interface between the motherboard and the smaller boards or cards in the expansion slots is called the bus.
How to Remove Shortcut Virus From Pendrive/USB
Today's article is about how to remove shortcut virus from computer/laptop, pendrive or any other external storage devices. Day to day, there are thousands of viruses created and spread through, actually I don't know from where viruses are created, because today creating virus program is not only limited to hackers system. Even many programmers and developers have started to write codes for virus programs. So we can't point off the topic; the origin of virus within a circle. Mostly, they spread these new types of virus files through internet. Likewise, shortcut virus is too being created in this manner in recent times.
Shortcut viruses mostly travel one computer to another through pendrives. The pendrive is the most common storage device to transfer data between two or more computers. If you attach a shortcut virus infected pendrive with your computer to transfer any data, there is a huge space created for shortcut virus to attack your computer too. Shortcut viruses are not limited to pendrive it also attack your PC hard disk, memory card and other portable storage devices. Once your computer hard disk or other storage device affected with shortcut virus, then the headache starts! When you try to access any files or folder in a shortcut virus affected storage device, the Windows will show you an error message as "shortcut missing".
Many people panic about this virus and they think that they have lost all their data in the particular affected device. It's all because, many antivirus software fails to detect and delete the shortcut virus. Actually shortcut virus is a simple virus program which can be removed easily from the affected device. So let's have a look on what is shortcut virus and how to delete shortcut virus permanently.
Recommended to Check -
What is Shortcut Virus
Shortcut virus is a type of anonymous malware program which can hide the original file from the certain storage device and create a fake shortcut file. Shortcut virus can easily affect all kinds of external storage devices such as pendrive/flash drive, memory card, memory stick, external hard disk or any other external storage devices. When you connect any of your external storage device to transfer data with a shortcut virus affected computer, then your external storage device too gets affected with shortcut virus. When we analyse what happens to the data in the storage devices after the shortcut virus attack, we found this.
This is a malware program which mostly spread via online downloads to the computers. When this virus affect a storage device, actually the original files and folders of the device become hidden and fake shortcut icons get created for every files and folders in the same storage device. But the truth is, created shortcut icon does not exist or the shortcut is created with wrong path. That's why when you try to open the shortcut file, Windows show file missing error message. But keep in mind that the hidden files are still saved in the certain storage device.
There are plenty of simple methods that we can use to remove or delete shortcut virus from the affected storage device. Let's have a look on the important and working tricks one by one.
Remove Pendrive Shortcut Virus Using Command Prompt
If your pendrive is affected with shortcut virus program and if all your important files appear with shortcut icons, then you can try to remove the virus file manually from your pendrive. Follow my given below steps to recover the pendrive from shortcut virus using command prompt.
- Insert the affected pendrive to computer
- Check the pendrive letter in My Computer - Example Tec-Glitz (F:)
- Now open Command Prompt with Administrative mode
- Navigate the pendrive letter in cmd as shown in the below screenshot. For example type f:and hit Enter
- Then type attrib -h -r -s /s /d f:\*.* and hit Enter ("f" should be replaced with your pen drive letter)
- Or type attrib F:\*.* /d /s -h -r -s and hit Enter ("F" should be replaced with your pen drive letter)
That's all. Now close the cmd and restart your PC once. Then go to the shortcut virus affected drive. Now all the hidden files will turn into normal and you can access them anytime. Also don't forget to delete the shortcut files and folders in the drive, created by malware program.
Remove PC/Laptop Shortcut Virus Using .Bat File
We can easily remove the shortcut viruses from Windows computers and laptops using a .bat file trick. Keep in mind that you can also use the above given cmd trick to clean the viruses from PC. But when all your hard drives are affected with the virus attack, then the .bat file trick is much better than above given cmd trick. If you want to clean the viruses from all the drive using cmd trick, you have type the commands separately for each drive and that's gonna be a waste of your precious time. So lets see how to clean the shortcut viruses from PC and laptop through the .bat file trick.
- Open a Notepad
- Copy the following lines onto the notepad
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d C:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d D:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d E:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d F:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d G:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d H:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d I:\*.*
attrib -h -s -r -a /s /d J:\*.*
@echo complete.
- In the above command, hard disk drive letters are mentioned in red color. Replace the letters with your virus affected hard drive letters
- Now save the file in the desktop with the name VirusRemover.bat (.bat is must)
- Then close the notepad and Double Click on saved file in the desktop
That's all the settings for .bat file trick. Now go to the shortcut virus affected drives. Now all the hidden files will turn into normal and you will be able to view them.
Remove PC/Laptop Shortcut Virus Using Windows Registry
This is a little bit advance technique to remove virus from the Windows computer and laptops. If you fail with the above given tricks, then you can try this trick. When your hard disk is affected with the shortcut viruses, we can remove the source of this virus by doing few changes in Windows registry settings in the computer or laptop. Follow my given below steps carefully to succeed in this process.
- Open the Task Manager
- Go to the Processes Tab
- Now look for process Wscript.exe
- If you find this process, just click on End Process
- Now go to Start Menu and search for regedit
- Open the regedit and now you will be able to view Registry Editor
- Now navigate the following path in registry editor
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER >> Software >> Microsoft >> Windows >> CurrentVersion >>Run
- In here, look for the registry entry "odwcamszas"
- If you found that registry key, just Right Click on it and Delete the entry
This process will clean the viruses from your computer. If you're unable to find the above given registry key, then follow the given below method to clean the computer for virus free.
- Open Run box by clicking Windows key+ R key
- In the run box, type %temp% and click on OK
- Now temp folder will appear
- In temp folder, look for nkvasyoxww.vbs file. If you find this file, just Right Click on it and Delete it
- Then go to following path in your Windows computer
- C:Users >> Double Click on User Account Name >> AppData >> Roaming >> Microsoft >> Windows >> Start Menu >> Programs >> Startup
- Now check the startup folder and if a file exist named nkvasyoxww.vbs, then delete it
- Again open the Run box by clicking Windows key+ R key
- Type msconfig and click on OK
- Now System Configuration window will appear
- In this, go to Startup Tab and look there for kvasyoxww.vbs
- If you find this file there, disable it by selecting Uncheck
- Finally, click Apply and click on OK
If you are a Windows 8 user, then you have to follow the given below steps to do this
- Open Task Manager
- Go to Startup Tab
- Now you can find kvasyoxww.vbs file
- Just click on it and select Disable as shown in the below screenshot
INVENTORS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE:
INVENTORS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE:
(1) Key board — Herman Hollerith, first keypunch device in 1930’s
(2) Transistor — John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley (1947 - 1948)
(3) RAM — An Wang and Jay Forrester (1951)
(4) Trackball — Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff (1952)
(5) Hard Disk — IBM , The IBM Model 350 Disk File (1956 )
(6) Integrated Circuit— Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce (1958)
(7) Computer Mouse — Douglas Engelbart (1964)
(8) Laser printer— Gary Stark weather at XEROX in 1969.
(9) Floppy Disk— Alan Shugart & IBM( 1970)
(10) Microprocessor — Faggin, Hoff & Mazor – Intel 4004
(1) Key board — Herman Hollerith, first keypunch device in 1930’s
(2) Transistor — John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley (1947 - 1948)
(3) RAM — An Wang and Jay Forrester (1951)
(4) Trackball — Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff (1952)
(5) Hard Disk — IBM , The IBM Model 350 Disk File (1956 )
(6) Integrated Circuit— Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce (1958)
(7) Computer Mouse — Douglas Engelbart (1964)
(8) Laser printer— Gary Stark weather at XEROX in 1969.
(9) Floppy Disk— Alan Shugart & IBM( 1970)
(10) Microprocessor — Faggin, Hoff & Mazor – Intel 4004
GOOGLE, YAHOO, WINDOW, VIRUS, UMTS, IMEI
1) GOOGLE: Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO: Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW: Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution
4) VIRUS: Vital Information Resources Under Siege
5) UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
6) AMOLED: Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
7) OLED: Organic light-emitting diode
8) IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity
9) ESN: Electronic Serial Number
2) YAHOO: Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW: Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution
4) VIRUS: Vital Information Resources Under Siege
5) UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
6) AMOLED: Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
7) OLED: Organic light-emitting diode
8) IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity
9) ESN: Electronic Serial Number
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